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+ | <div center round todo 60%> | ||
+ | ====== Abbreviations, | ||
+ | <span hide> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Summary: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div #h_meta> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div navigation></ | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Abbreviations used in Pali texts ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <dl class=' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? AN (or A): | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Cv: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Dhp: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? DhpA: | ||
+ | :: Dhammapada-atthakatha ([[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? DN (or D): | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Iti: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Khp: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? KhpA: | ||
+ | :: Khuddakapatha-atthakatha ([[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? KN: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Miln: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? MN (or M): | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Mv: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Nd: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Nm: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Nc: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Pv: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Sn: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? SN (or S): | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Thag: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? ThagA: | ||
+ | :: Theragatha-atthakatha ([[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Thig: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? ThigA: | ||
+ | :: Therigatha-atthakatha ([[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Ud: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Vv: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Miscellaneous abbreviations ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <dl class=' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? ATI: | ||
+ | :: Access to Insight | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? BGS: | ||
+ | :: //The Book of the Gradual Sayings,// F.L. Woodward and E.M. Hare, trans. (Oxford: [[outsources: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? BJT: | ||
+ | :: Sri Lanka Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series. A free public-domain electronic edition of the Tipitaka, published in 1997 by the International Buddhist Research and Information Center (380/9, Sarana Road, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka) and distributed by the Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project in association with the Journal of Buddhist Ethics. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? BKS: | ||
+ | :: //The Book of the Kindred Sayings,// Rhys Davids and F.L. Woodward, trans. (Oxford: [[outsources: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? BPS: | ||
+ | :: [[outsources: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? CDB: | ||
+ | :: //The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya,// Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans. (Boston: [[outsources: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Comm, Comy: | ||
+ | :: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? jtb: | ||
+ | :: the editor of ATI | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze> | ||
+ | |||
+ | :: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze>an editor of ZzE</ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? PTS: | ||
+ | :: [[outsources: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Skt: | ||
+ | :: Sanskrit | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze>ZzE, ZZE:</ | ||
+ | |||
+ | :: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Symbols ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <dl class=' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? & | ||
+ | :: Because Pali has many ways of expressing the conjunction " | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze>For the transpations into German by ZzE the " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? {} | ||
+ | :: In suttas and their brief summaries, the braces enclose an alternate sutta reference number (see below) — usually either the PTS Pali volume and page number or the verse number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? {{en: | ||
+ | :: A printed version of this article or book is available. (Ordering information appears after the icon.) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? {{: | ||
+ | :: A hypertext link to another website. Links to other websites will open in a new browser window. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <img src=" | ||
+ | :: Click this icon to download a zip-compressed archive of text files. See [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? {{: | ||
+ | :: Click this icon to download a PDF file. See [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? {{: | ||
+ | :: Click this icon to read a brief summary about a sutta. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <img src=" | ||
+ | :: Click this icon to go to [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <img src=" | ||
+ | :: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <img src=" | ||
+ | :: <span zze> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====== Colored differentiation ====== | ||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | <span zze></ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <dl class=' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span zze> | ||
+ | |||
+ | :: Colored Texts and links in general and additional Texts set by ZzE and aside of " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <span gray> | ||
+ | :: Textparts on the English pages which are yet not translated into English are displayed in gray. To see them in a better color, please go to the referenced German page using the link icon ([de]) on the right corner on the beginning of of every page. | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Sutta Reference Numbers ===== | ||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | <span anchor # | ||
+ | |||
+ | Over the years, Pali and Buddhist scholars have used a bewildering array of numbering schemes to refer to suttas and other passages in the Tipitaka.< | ||
+ | |||
+ | <dl class=' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Digha Nikaya (DN) | ||
+ | :: Contains 34 suttas.< | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Majjhima Nikaya (MN) | ||
+ | :: Contains 152 suttas. References are to sutta number. Example: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Samyutta Nikaya (SN) | ||
+ | :: Depending on how the suttas are tallied, it contains either 7,762; 2,904; or 2,889 suttas.< | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Anguttara Nikaya (AN) | ||
+ | :: Depending on how the suttas are tallied, it contains either 9,557; 8,777; 2,344; or 2,308 suttas.< | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Khuddaka Nikaya: | ||
+ | :: <dl class=' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Khuddakapatha (Khp) | ||
+ | :: Contains 9 short texts. References are to text number. Example: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Dhammapada (Dhp) | ||
+ | :: Contains 423 verses, arranged in 26 vaggas. References are to verse number. Example: [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Udana (Ud) | ||
+ | :: Contains 80 suttas, arranged in 8 vaggas. References are to vagga and sutta number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Itivuttaka (Iti) | ||
+ | :: Contains 112 suttas, arranged in 4 nipatas. References are to sutta number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Sutta Nipata (Sn) | ||
+ | :: Contains 71 suttas, arranged in 5 vaggas. References are to vagga and sutta number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Theragatha (Thag) | ||
+ | :: Contains 1,291 //gathas// (verses) divided into 264 poems that are grouped according to length in 21 vaggas. References are to vagga and poem number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? Therigatha (Thig) | ||
+ | :: Contains 522 gathas divided into 73 poems that are grouped according to length in 16 vaggas. References are to vagga and poem number. | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Readers who are accustomed to other numbering systems or who wish to compare Access to Insight' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Representing Pali diacritics using the Velthuis method ===== | ||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | <span anchor # | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some books and articles on Access to Insight contain substantial amounts of Pali text. Many of them use the Velthuis method< | ||
+ | |||
+ | -- Long vowels (those usually typeset with a macron (bar) above them) are doubled: //aa ii uu// | ||
+ | -- For consonants, the diacritic mark precedes the letter it affects. Thus, the retroflex (cerebral) consonants (usually typeset with a dot underneath) are: //.t .th .d .dh .n .l//. The pure nasal (niggahiita) m, also typeset with a dot underneath, is //.m//. The guttural nasal (//n// with a dot above) is represented as //"n .// The palatal nasal //(n// with a tilde) is //~n.// | ||
+ | |||
+ | For example: // | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Notes ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div chapter> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div notes> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <dl> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <span fn # | ||
+ | :: For a review of the numbering systems used by many Pali scholars, see "The Contents and Structure of the Pali Canon and its Commentaries," | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <span fn # | ||
+ | :: These sutta tallies are for the complete Tipitaka; the number of sutta translations actually available on this website is a small fraction of that total. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <span fn # | ||
+ | :: //The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya,// Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans. (Boston: Wisdom Publications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <span fn # | ||
+ | :: 9,557 and 8,777: //Handbook of Pali Literature,// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ? <span fn # | ||
+ | :: This scheme was first developed in 1991 by Frans Velthuis for use with his " | ||
+ | [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | </dl> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <span # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div showmore> | ||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div f_zzecopy> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | [[http:// | ||
+ | " | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div # |