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 +<div center round todo 60%>**Preperation of htmls into ATI.eu currently in progress.** Please visit the corresponding page at [[http://zugangzureinsicht.org/html/index_en.html|ZzE]]. If inspired to get involved in this merits here, one may feel invited to join best here: [[http://sangham.net/index.php/topic,8657.0.html|[ATI.eu] ATI/ZzE Content-style]]</div>
  
 +====== Abbreviations, Symbols, and Sutta Reference Numbers ======
 +<span hide>Abbreviations, Symbols, and Sutta Reference Numbers</span>
 +
 +Summary: 
 +
 +
 +<div #h_meta>
 +
 +
 +
 +<div #h_doctitle>Abbreviations, Symbols, and Sutta Reference Numbers</div>
 +
 +<div #h_copyright>[[#f_termsofuse|{{en:img:d2.png?16x18}}]][[#f_termsofuse| 2005-2018]]</div>
 +
 +<div #h_altformat></div>
 +
 +</div>
 +
 +<div #h_homage>
 +
 +<div #homagetext>[[en:homage|-  Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammā-sambuddhassa  -]]</div>
 +
 +<div navigation></div>
 +
 +</div>
 +
 +===== Abbreviations used in Pali texts =====
 +
 +<span #h_content></span>
 +
 +<div chapter>
 +
 +
 +<dl class='abbrevList'>
 +
 +  ? AN (or A):
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:an:index|Anguttara Nikaya]]
 +
 +  ? Cv:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:vin:index#cullavagga|Cullavagga]]
 +
 +  ? Dhp:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:index#dhp|Dhammapada]]
 +
 +  ? DhpA:
 +  :: Dhammapada-atthakatha ([[en:noncanon:comy:index|Commentary]] to the Dhammapada)
 +
 +  ? DN (or D):
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:dn:index|Digha Nikaya]]
 +
 +  ? Iti:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:iti:index|Itivuttaka]]
 +
 +  ? Khp:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:khp:index|Khuddakapatha]]
 +
 +  ? KhpA:
 +  :: Khuddakapatha-atthakatha ([[en:noncanon:comy:index|Commentary]] to the Khuddakapatha)
 +
 +  ? KN:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:index|Khuddaka Nikaya]]
 +
 +  ? Miln:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:miln:index|Milindapañha]]
 +
 +  ? MN (or M):
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:mn:index|Majjhima Nikaya]]
 +
 +  ? Mv:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:vin:index#mahavagga|Mahavagga]]
 +
 +  ? Nd:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:index#niddesa|Niddesa]]
 +
 +  ? Nm:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:index#nm|Mahaniddesa]]
 +
 +  ? Nc:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:index#nc|Culaniddesa]]
 +
 +  ? Pv:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:pv:index|Petavatthu]]
 +
 +  ? Sn:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:snp:index|Sutta Nipata]]
 +
 +  ? SN (or S):
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:sn:index|Samyutta Nikaya]]
 +
 +  ? Thag:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:thag:index|Theragatha]]
 +
 +  ? ThagA:
 +  :: Theragatha-atthakatha ([[en:noncanon:comy:index|Commentary]] to the Theragatha)
 +
 +  ? Thig:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:thig:index|Therigatha]]
 +
 +  ? ThigA:
 +  :: Therigatha-atthakatha ([[en:noncanon:comy:index|Commentary]] to the Therigatha)
 +
 +  ? Ud:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:uda:index|Udana]]
 +
 +  ? Vv:
 +  :: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:vv:index|Vimanavatthu]]
 +
 +</dl>
 +</div>
 +
 +===== Miscellaneous abbreviations =====
 +
 +<div chapter>
 +
 +
 +<dl class='abbrevList'>
 +
 +  ? ATI:
 +  :: Access to Insight
 +
 +  ? BGS:
 +  :: //The Book of the Gradual Sayings,// F.L. Woodward and E.M. Hare, trans. (Oxford: [[outsources:books#pts|Pali Text Society]], 1994). An English translation of the Anguttara Nikaya.
 +
 +  ? BJT:
 +  :: Sri Lanka Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series. A free public-domain electronic edition of the Tipitaka, published in 1997 by the International Buddhist Research and Information Center (380/9, Sarana Road, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka) and distributed by the Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project in association with the Journal of Buddhist Ethics.
 +
 +  ? BKS:
 +  :: //The Book of the Kindred Sayings,// Rhys Davids and F.L. Woodward, trans. (Oxford: [[outsources:books#pts|Pali Text Society]], 1997). An English translation of the Samyutta Nikaya.
 +
 +  ? BPS:
 +  :: [[outsources:books#bps|Buddhist Publication Society]]
 +
 +  ? CDB:
 +  :: //The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya,// Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans. (Boston: [[outsources:books#wisdom|Wisdom Publications]], 2000)
 +
 +  ? Comm, Comy:
 +  :: [[en:noncanon:fieldguide#atthakatha|Commentary]]
 +
 +  ? jtb:
 +  :: the editor of ATI
 +
 +  ?
 +
 +<span zze>jb:</span>
 +
 +::
 +
 +<span zze>an editor of ZzE</span>
 +
 +  ? PTS:
 +  :: [[outsources:books#pts|Pali Text Society]]
 +
 +  ? Skt:
 +  :: Sanskrit
 +
 +  ?
 +
 +<span zze>ZzE, ZZE:</span>
 +
 +::
 +
 +<span zze>Zugang zur Einsicht</span>
 +
 +</dl>
 +</div>
 +
 +===== Symbols =====
 +
 +<div chapter>
 +
 +
 +<dl class='suttaList'>
 +
 +  ? &
 +  :: Because Pali has many ways of expressing the conjunction "and," Thanissaro Bhikkhu has chosen to make frequent use in his sutta translations of the ampersand (&) to join lists of words and short phrases, while using the word "and" to join long phrases and clauses.
 +
 +<span zze>For the transpations into German by ZzE the "Sellsman-and" ( & ) will be not used, as it is not usual in German literature.</span>
 +
 +  ? {}
 +  :: In suttas and their brief summaries, the braces enclose an alternate sutta reference number (see below) — usually either the PTS Pali volume and page number or the verse number.
 +
 +  ? {{en:img:book.gif}}
 +  :: A printed version of this article or book is available. (Ordering information appears after the icon.)
 +
 +  ? {{:en:img:offsite.gif}}
 +  :: A hypertext link to another website. Links to other websites will open in a new browser window.
 +
 +  ? <img src="./img/zip_18x18.gif" alt='[zip icon]'   height='18'  />
 +  :: Click this icon to download a zip-compressed archive of text files. See [[en:tech:download:index|"Working with downloaded files"]].
 +
 +  ? {{:en:img:pdf_24x18.gif}}
 +  :: Click this icon to download a PDF file. See [[en:tech:download:index#pdf|"Working with PDF Documents"]] and the [[:en:lib:list-pdf|list of all PDF books]].
 +
 +  ? {{:en:img:question_16.gif}}
 +  :: Click this icon to read a brief summary about a sutta.
 +
 +  ? <img src="./img/listen_16x16.gif" alt='[suttareadings icon]'   height='18'  />
 +  :: Click this icon to go to [[http://www.suttareadings.net|SuttaReadings.net]] and listen to a version of this sutta read aloud by a teacher.
 +
 +  ? <img src="./css/img/lang_de.png" alt='[de]' height='18'  />
 +  ::
 +
 +<span zze>Click this icon to go to the German page (the translation or original).</span>
 +
 +  ? <img src="./img/audio.gif" alt='[audio icon]'   height='18'  />
 +  :: <span zze>Click this icon to come to a download of an audio file (mp3) of the certain talk. The shared audio files are stored on sangham.net at this time.</span>
 +
 +</dl>
 +</div>
 +
 +====== Colored differentiation ======
 +<div chapter>
 +<span zze></span>
 +
 +<dl class='colorList'>
 +
 +  ?
 +
 +<span zze>Colored texts and Links</span>
 +
 +:: Colored Texts and links in general and additional Texts set by ZzE and aside of "just" translations, mark significant additions to the ATI and serve the purpose to get the differents known as well as to point on editions in reference to originals of ATI.
 +
 +  ? <span gray>Gray text parts</span>
 +  :: Textparts on the English pages which are yet not translated into English are displayed in gray. To see them in a better color, please go to the referenced German page using the link icon ([de]) on the right corner on the beginning of of every page.
 +
 +</dl>
 +</div>
 +
 +===== Sutta Reference Numbers =====
 +<div chapter>
 +<span anchor #suttaref></span>
 +
 +Over the years, Pali and Buddhist scholars have used a bewildering array of numbering schemes to refer to suttas and other passages in the Tipitaka.<span notetag #fnt-1x>([[#fn-1x|1]])</span> On this website I use the following convention to identify texts within the Sutta Pitaka:
 +
 +<dl class='index'>
 +
 +  ? Digha Nikaya (DN)
 +  :: Contains 34 suttas.<span notetag #fnt-2>([[#fn-2|2]])</span> References are to sutta number. Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:dn:dn.21.2x.than|DN 21]]
 +
 +  ? Majjhima Nikaya (MN)
 +  :: Contains 152 suttas. References are to sutta number. Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:mn:mn.108.than|MN 108]]
 +
 +  ? Samyutta Nikaya (SN)
 +  :: Depending on how the suttas are tallied, it contains either 7,762; 2,904; or 2,889 suttas.<span notetag #fnt-3>([[#fn-3|3]])</span> The Samyutta Nikaya is divided into 5 vaggas (chapters) containing a total of 56 samyuttas (groups) of suttas. References are to samyutta and sutta number, using BKS as a guide to numbering. Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:sn:sn56:sn56.011.than|SN 56.11]] is sutta #11 within samyutta #56.
 +
 +  ? Anguttara Nikaya (AN)
 +  :: Depending on how the suttas are tallied, it contains either 9,557; 8,777; 2,344; or 2,308 suttas.<span notetag #fnt-4>([[#fn-4|4]])</span> The Anguttara Nikaya is divided into 11 nipatas (books), each of which is further divided into vaggas containing 10 or more suttas. References are to nipata and sutta number, using BGS as a guide to numbering. Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:an:an03:an03.065.than|AN 3.65]] is sutta 65 in the book of the Threes.
 +
 +  ? Khuddaka Nikaya:
 +  :: <dl class='indexInline'>
 +
 +  ? Khuddakapatha (Khp)
 +  :: Contains 9 short texts. References are to text number. Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:khp:khp.1-9x.piya#khp-6|Khp 6]] is text #6.
 +
 +  ? Dhammapada (Dhp)
 +  :: Contains 423 verses, arranged in 26 vaggas. References are to verse number. Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:dhp:dhp.20.than#dhp-273|Dhp 273]] is verse #273.
 +
 +  ? Udana (Ud)
 +  :: Contains 80 suttas, arranged in 8 vaggas. References are to vagga and sutta number.  Example: [[:en:tipitaka:sut:kn:uda:uda.3.02.than|Ud 3.2]] is sutta #2 within vagga #3.
 +
 +  ? Itivuttaka (Iti)
 +  :: Contains 112 suttas, arranged in 4 nipatas. References are to sutta number.  Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:iti:iti.2.028-049.than#iti-029|Iti 29]] is sutta #29.
 +
 +  ? Sutta Nipata (Sn)
 +  :: Contains 71 suttas, arranged in 5 vaggas. References are to vagga and sutta number.  Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:snp:snp.1.08.than|Sn 1.8]] is sutta #8 within vagga #1.
 +
 +  ? Theragatha (Thag)
 +  :: Contains 1,291 //gathas// (verses) divided into 264 poems that are grouped according to length in 21 vaggas. References are to vagga and poem number.  Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:thag:thag.06.10.than|Thag 6.10]] is poem #10 within vagga #6.
 +
 +  ? Therigatha (Thig)
 +  :: Contains 522 gathas divided into 73 poems that are grouped according to length in 16 vaggas. References are to vagga and poem number.  Example: [[en:tipitaka:sut:kn:thig:thig.05.10.than|Thig 5.10]] is poem #10 within vagga #5.
 +
 +</dl>
 +
 +</dl>
 +
 +Readers who are accustomed to other numbering systems or who wish to compare Access to Insight's translations against the original Pali texts may refer to the alternative reference numbers that appear in braces {} on the pages that contain the short summaries of the suttas. (These summaries are available by clicking on the "About" link at the top of a sutta page.) These alternate references consist either of the corresponding volume and starting page number in the PTS printed Pali edition (in the case of DN, MN, SN, and AN), the verse numbers (in Ud, Sn, Thag, and Thig), the nipata and sutta number (in Iti), or some combination thereof. The braces may also contain additional notes concerning a text's location within the Tipitaka, especially in cases where the numbering varies between editions of the Tipitaka.
 +</div>
 +
 +===== Representing Pali diacritics using the Velthuis method =====
 +<div chapter>
 +<span anchor #velthuis></span>
 +
 +Some books and articles on Access to Insight contain substantial amounts of  Pali text. Many of them use the Velthuis method<span notetag #fnt-5>([[#fn-5|5]])</span> to represent romanized Pali's accented characters (diacritics) that are not part of the standard roman and ASCII alphabets. In this scheme two basic rules are observed:
 +
 +  -- Long vowels (those usually typeset with a macron (bar) above them) are doubled: //aa ii uu//
 +  -- For consonants, the diacritic mark precedes the letter it affects. Thus, the retroflex (cerebral) consonants (usually typeset with a dot underneath) are: //.t .th .d .dh .n .l//. The pure nasal (niggahiita) m, also typeset with a dot underneath, is //.m//. The guttural nasal (//n// with a dot above) is represented as //"n .// The palatal nasal //(n// with a tilde) is //~n.//
 +
 +For example: //paa.naatipaataa verama.nii sikkhaa-pada.m samaadiyaami// and //itihida.m aayasmato ko.n.da~n~nassa a~n~na-ko.n.da~n~no'tveva naama.m ahosiiti//.
 +</div>
 +
 +===== Notes =====
 +
 +<div chapter>
 +
 +<div notes>
 +
 +<dl>
 +
 +  ? <span fn #fn-1x>[[#fnt-1x|1]]</span>.
 +  :: For a review of the numbering systems used by many Pali scholars, see "The Contents and Structure of the Pali Canon and its Commentaries," by the [[http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0dwe/bs12_en.html|UK Association for Buddhist Studies at the University of Sunderland]].
 +
 +  ? <span fn #fn-2>[[#fnt-2|2]]</span>.
 +  :: These sutta tallies are for the complete Tipitaka; the number of sutta translations actually available on this website is a small fraction of that total.
 +
 +  ? <span fn #fn-3>[[#fnt-3|3]]</span>.
 +  :: //The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya,// Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans. (Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2000), p. 23.
 +
 +  ? <span fn #fn-4>[[#fnt-4|4]]</span>.
 +  :: 9,557 and 8,777: //Handbook of Pali Literature,// by Somapala Jayawardhana (Colombo: Karunaratne & Sons, 1994), p. 12. 2,344: //Numerical Discourses of the Buddha,// by Nyanaponika Thera and Bhikkhu Bodhi (Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1999), p. xv. 2,308: //An Analysis of the Pali Canon,// Russell Webb, ed. (Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1975), p. 26.
 +
 +  ? <span fn #fn-5>[[#fnt-5|5]]</span>.
 +  :: This scheme was first developed in 1991 by Frans Velthuis for use with his "devnag" Devanagari font, designed for the T<sub>E</sub>X typesetting system (see [[http://www.ctan.org|www.ctan.org]]). Until the arrival of Unicode fonts and applications, Pali and Sanskrit scholars widely used this method as a standard technique in Internet correspondence (see, for example, the 
 + [[http://www.palitext.com/palitext/pub.htm|Pali Text Society]]).
 +
 +</dl>
 +</div>
 +</div>
 +
 +<span #h_content_end></span>
 +
 +<div #f_footer>
 +
 +<div showmore>
 +<div #f_colophon>
 +<div #f_newcopyrightsymbol>[[#top| ]]</div>
 +<div #f_provenance>**Provenance:**
 +<div #f_sourceCopy>The source of this work is the gift within Access to Insight "Offline Edition 2012.09.10.14", last replication 12. March 2013, generously given by John Bullitt and mentioned as: ©2005 Access to Insight.</div>
 +
 +<div #f_sourceCopy_translation></div>
 +
 +<div #f_sourceEdition></div>
 +
 +<div #f_sourceTitle>Prepared by jtb for Access to Insight.</div>
 +
 +<div #f_atiCopy>This Zugang zur Einsicht edition is [[en:dhamma-dana|{{en:img:d2.png?14}}]]2013 (ATI 2005-2013).</div>
 +
 +<div f_zzecopy>Translations, rebublishing, editing and additions are in the sphere of responsibility of //Zugang zur Einsicht//.</div>
 +
 +</div>
 +
 +<div #f_termsofuse>**Scope of this Dhamma-Gift:** You are invited to not only use this Dhamma-Gift here for yourself but also to share it, and your merits with it, again as a Dhamma gift and to copy, reformat, reprint, republish and redistribute this work in any medium whatsoever, provided that: (1) you only make such copies, etc. available //free of charge//; (2) you clearly indicate that any derivatives of this work (including translations) are derived from this source document; and (3) you include the full text of this "Scope of this Dhamma-Gift" in any copies or derivatives of this work. Anything beyond this is not given here. For additional information about this license, see the [[en:faq#copyright|FAQ]].</div>
 +
 +<div #f_citation>**How to cite this document** (one suggested style): "Abbreviations, Symbols, and Sutta Reference Numbers", edited by  Access to Insight. //Access to Insight//, 4 March 2013, [[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/abbrev.html|http://www.accesstoinsight.org/abbrev.html]] . Retrieved on 10 September 2012 (Offline Edition 2012.09.10.14), republished by //Zugang zur Einsicht// on &nbsp;
 +[[http://www.zugangzureinsicht.org/html/abbrev_en.html|http://www.zugangzureinsicht.org/html/abbrev_en.html]] retreived on:
 +"date"</div>
 +
 +<div #f_alt-formats>****</div>
 +
 +</div>
 +</div>
 +</div>
 +
 +----
 +
 +<div #f_toenail>[[en:help|Help]] | [[en:faq#whatis|About]] | [[en:faq#contact|Contact]] | [[en:dhamma-dana|Scope of the Dhamma gift]] | [[en:cowork|Collaboration]]\\ Anumodana puñña kusala!</div>
en/abbrev.txt · Last modified: 2023/03/24 09:15 by Johann