➥ — —

The upper info is for display reasons for pages refering to words not included in this dictionary.

Detail on “Illustrated Glossary of Pāli Terms” see Index and Introduction.

➥ khaya:

• for khaya:
  • destruction
• for parikhaya:
  • destruction
• khayo: destruction
• khayāya: destruction
• parikkhayaṁ gaccheyya: destroyed
• parikkhayā: destruction

➥ khayo: (main article see: khaya)

Illustration: khayo, destruction

The destruction of attachment, hatred, and undiscernment of reality: this is called the Untroubled.

Yo kho āvuso rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo idaṁ vuccati nibbānan ti. (SN iv 251)

➥ khayāya: (main article see: khaya)

Illustration: khayāya, destruction

Apply yourself to the destruction of craving

taṇhakkhayāya paṭipajjatha

For the destruction of craving, Rādha, is the Untroubled

taṇhakkhayo hi rādha nibbānan ti. (SN iii 190)

Meditation through mindfulness with breathing if developed and cultivated leads to the destruction of perceptually obscuring states.

Ānāpānasatisamādhi bhikkhave bhāvito bahulīkato āsavānaṁ khayāya saṁvattati. (SN v 340)

➥ parikkhayaṁ gaccheyya: (main article see: khaya)

Illustration: parikkhayaṁ gaccheyya, destroyed

If a man let two or three drops of water fall onto a red-hot iron plate, slow might be the falling of the water drops

dandho bhikkhave udakaphusitānaṁ nipāto

but then they would be quickly destroyed and consumed

khippameva parikkhayaṁ pariyādānaṁ gaccheyya. (SN iv 190)

➥ parikkhayā: (main article see: khaya)

Illustration: parikkhayā, destruction

Destroyed the first three ties to individual existence

tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā. (AN i 234)

The destruction of the spiritually fettering delight in individual existence

Nandibhavaparikkhayā. (SN i 2)

Destroyed craving for states of individual existence.

bhavataṇhāparikkhayā. (Iti 44)

➥ khila:

• for khilajāta:
  • hardhearted
• for khila:
  • hardheartedness
  • remissness in practising the teaching
• for cetokhilā:
  • remissness in practising the teaching
• khilajāta: hardhearted
• khilajāto: hardhearted
• khilaṁ: hardheartedness; remissness in practising the teaching
• akhilaṁ: free of hardheartedness
• vigatakhilo: free of hardheartedness; free of remissness in practising the teaching
• khilo: hardheartedness
• akhilo: free of remissness in practising the teaching
• cetokhilā: remissness in practising the teaching; hardhearted
• khilāni: states of remissness in practising the teaching

Remissness in practising the teaching

PED says khila means ‘waste or fallow land’ and that figuratively it therefore means ‘barrenness of mind.’ In fact barren land is pāpabhumi (SN iv 315), and since ‘barren’ means ‘unproductive,’ it is hard to see how the mind could be meaningfully called ‘barren.’ This figurative sense is more appropriate if applied to the unproductiveness of a negligent bhikkhu, who, for various reasons does not apply himself properly to the practice. In this sense we call khila ‘remissness in practising the teaching,’ for example in the following passage:

• One whose mind does not incline to vigour, application, perseverance, and inward striving… this is the first variety of remissness in practising the teaching.

Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccayā padhānāya ayaṁ paṭhamo cetokhilo… ayaṁ pañcamo cetokhilo. (DN iii 237-8)

Hardheartedness

The DOP says khilo can mean land that is hardened by lack of rain. This supports our second rendering for khilo, ‘hardheartedness.’

With pabhindati

In both meanings, khila is used with the verb pabhindati:

• He should split asunder the hardheartedness he might have towards his companions in the religious life.

sabrahmacārīsu khilaṁ pabhinde. (Snp 973)

• Perhaps Venerable Channa has split asunder his remissness in practising the teaching.

taṁ āyasmā channo… khilaṁ pabhindi. (SN iii 134)

➥ khilajātā: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: khilajātā, hardhearted

If a bhikkhunī, having given quarters to a bhikkhunī, should, being angry and displeased, throw her out or have her thrown out, it is an offence of pācittiya.

‘Being angry and displeased’ means being displeased, aggressive, and hardhearted

Kupitā anattamanā ti anabhiraddhā āhatacittā khilajātā. (Vin.4.292)

➥ khilajāto: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: khilajāto, hardhearted

If a bhikkhu gives robe material to a bhikkhu, but then, angry and displeased, snatches it back or has it snatched back, it is an offence of nissaggiya pācittiya.

‘Being angry and displeased’ means being displeased, aggressive, and hardhearted

Kupito anattamano ti anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto. (Vin.3.255)

If a bhikkhu, full of hatred, hateful, upset, groundlessly accuses a bhikkhu of being pārājika, thinking, ‘Maybe I could make him fall from the religious life,’ then, whether he is later interrogated about it or not, if the accusation is unfounded and the bhikkhu admits his iniquity, it is a saṅghādisesa offence.

‘Full of hatred, hateful’ means angry, displeased, displeased, aggressive, and hardhearted

Duṭṭho doso ti kupito anattamano anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto. (Vin.3.163)

If one is possessed of five factors, though one listens to the teaching it is not possible to enter the way of rightness comprised of spiritually wholesome factors. Which five? … if one is aggressive and hardhearted towards the teacher

suṇantopi saddhammaṁ abhabbo niyāmaṁ okkamituṁ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṁ. Katamehi pañcahi… dhammadesake āhatacitto hoti khilajāto. (AN iii 175-6)

➥ khilaṁ: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: khilaṁ, hardheartedness

When being reproved, being mindful he should welcome it.

Cudito vacībhi satimāhinande

He should split asunder the hardheartedness he might have towards his companions in the religious life.

sabrahmacārīsu khilaṁ pabhinde. (Snp 973)

Illustration: khilaṁ, remissness in practising the teaching

• May Venerable Ānanda speak to me about the practice such that I might see the nature of reality.

karotu me āyasmā ānando dhammiṁ kathaṁ yathāhaṁ dhammaṁ passeyyanti.

• Even with just this I am pleased with Venerable Channa. Perhaps Venerable Channa has opened himself up and split asunder his remissness in practising the teaching.

Ettakenapi mayaṁ āyasmato channassa attamanā api nāma taṁ āyasmā channo āvī akāsi khilaṁ pabhindi. (SN iii 134)

➥ akhilaṁ: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: akhilaṁ, free of hardheartedness

Being free of hardheartedness towards all beings, that is the path for attaining the brahmā world

Akhilaṁ sabbabhutesu so maggo brahmapattiyā ti. (SN iv 118)

➥ vigatakhilo: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: vigatakhilo, free of hardheartedness

Not ill-tempered, free of hardheartedness, am I, said the Blessed One,

Akkodhano vigatakhilo hamasmi. (Snp 19)

Illustration: vigatakhilo, free of remissness in practising the teaching

He meditates free of suffering and free of remissness in practising the teaching,

Vītaddaro vigatakhilo va jhāyati. (Tha 525-6)

➥ khilo: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: khilo, hardheartedness

Those who are full of hatred dispute, of course. But some whose hearts are set on Truth also dispute. However, a sage does not enter a dispute that has arisen, therefore he is free of hardheartedness in every respect.

Tasmā muni natthi khilo kuhiñci. (Snp 780)

➥ akhilo: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: akhilo, free of remissness in practising the teaching

He indeed is imperturbable, free of remissness in practising the teaching, and free of unsureness [about the excellence of the teaching].

Sa ve anejo akhilo akaṅkho. (Snp 477)

Three forms of remissness in practising the teaching:

Tayome bhikkhave khilā

• The remissness in practising the teaching due to attachment

rāgo khilo

• The remissness in practising the teaching due to hatred,

doso khilo

• The remissness in practising the teaching due to undiscernment of reality

moho khilo

This noble eightfold path should be developed for the full understanding of these three forms of remissness in practising the teaching, for the profound understanding of them, for their destruction, for their abandonment.

Imesaṁ kho bhikkhave tiṇṇannaṁ khilānaṁ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya ayaṁ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvetabbo ti. (SN v 57)

Therefore [be] free of remissness in practising the teaching in this world. [Be] applied to inward striving. Having abandoned the [five] hindrances, [be] pure.

Tasmā akhilo idha padhānavā nīvaraṇāni pahāya visuddho. (Tha 1222)

Having crossed to the Far Shore he is free of remissness in practising the teaching

tiṇṇo ca pāraṁ akhilo. (Snp 1059)

Comment:

Arahants are incapable of being negligently applied [to the practice] (abhabbā te pamajjituṁ, SN iv 125).

➥ cetokhilā: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: cetokhilā, remissness in practising the teaching; hardhearted

Five varieties of remissness in practising the teaching

pañca cetokhilā

Five varieties of remissness in practising the teaching (pañca cetokhilā)

One is unsure, doubtful, undecided about, and has no faith in

idhāvuso bhikkhu satthari… dhamme… saṅghe… sikkhāya… kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati

• the [perfection of the] Teacher’s [enlightenment]
• the [excellence of the] teaching
• the [excellent qualities of the] community of disciples
• the [excellence of the] training
• or is angry, displeased, aggressive, and hardhearted towards one’s companions in the religious life (sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto).

Of such the mind does not incline to vigour, application, perseverance, and inward striving.

tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccayā padhānāya

For one whose mind is not inclined to vigorous endeavour, application, perseverance, and inward striving, this is the first variety of remissness in practising the teaching.

yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya ayaṁ paṭhamo cetokhilo.

Puna caparaṁ āvuso bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati… pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati…

sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto. Yo so āvuso bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya ayaṁ pañcamo cetokhilo. (DN iii 237-8)

➥ khilāni: (main article see: khila)

Illustration: khilāni, states of remissness in practising the teaching

Having overcome Māra’s false trails and paths, [the Blessed One] lives the religious life having split asunder his states of remissness in practising the teaching.

Ummaggapathaṁ mārassa abhibhuyya carati pabhijja khilāni. (Tha 1242)

➥ khema:

• for khema:
  • safety
  • security
  • sure
  • place of safety
• for khemin:
  • one who has reached safety from [the danger of] bondage [to individual existence] (=yogakkhemin)
• for khemattaṁ:
  • one who has reached safety from [the danger of] bondage [to individual existence] (=yogakkhemin)
• khemato: safety
• khemaṁ: safety; safe; sure; place of safety
• khemo: safety
• kheme: safe
• khemino: safe [from the danger of bondage to individual existence]

Khemin and khematta = yogakkhemin

Khemin and khematta occur only in verses and are abbreviations for yogakkhemin, meaning ‘One who has reached safety from [the danger of] bondage [to individual existence].’ They are dealt with under Yogakkhema.

Illustration: khema, safety

Looking for safety sages therefore abandon possessiveness and live the religious life.

Tasmā munayo pariggahaṁ/ Hitvā acariṁsu khemadassino. (Snp 809)

[The noble eightfold path] leads to great safety

Mahākhemaṅgamo. (Tha 422)

Disputes have but two fruits, I declare [i.e. jubilation and dejection]. Seeing this, you should not dispute. Recognise that safety is a state that is without dispute.

Etampi disvā na vivādayetha khemābhipassaṁ avivādabhūmiṁ. (Snp 896)

➥ khemato: (main article see: khema)

Illustration: khemato, safety

Seeing negligence [in the practice] as danger, and diligence [in the practice] as safety.

Pamādaṁ bhayato disvā appamādañca khemato. (Tha 980)

Seeing danger in sensuous pleasures, and safety in the practice of unsensuousness

Kāmesvādīnavaṁ disvā nekkhammaṁ daṭṭhu khemato. (Thi 226)

➥ khemaṁ: (main article see: khema)

Illustration: khemaṁ, safety

There will be safety; there will be danger.

khemaṁ bhavissati bhayaṁ bhavissati. (DN i 11)

Illustration: khemaṁ, safe

Those are not safe refuges. Those are not the supreme refuge.

Netaṁ kho saraṇaṁ khemaṁ netaṁ saraṇamuttamaṁ. (Dhp 189)

Just as a man, laden with wealth and riches, might travel on a desert road where food was scarce and danger abounded, and after a time he would cross the desert and arrive at the edge of a village, safe and free of danger.

Seyyathā pi mahārāja puriso sadhano sabhogo kantāraddhānamaggaṁ paṭipajjeyya dubbhikkhaṁ sappaṭibhayaṁ. So aparena samayena taṁ kantāraṁ nitthareyya sotthinā gāmantaṁ anupāpuṇeyya khemaṁ appaṭibhayaṁ ti. (DN i 73)

Illustration: khemaṁ, sure

I shall follow that griefless, stainless, sure, eightfold, direct path, by which the great seers have crossed [to the Far Shore].

Asokaṁ virajaṁ khemaṁ ariyaṭṭhaṅgikaṁ ujuṁ

Taṁ maggaṁ anugacchāmi yena tiṇṇā mahesino. (Thi 360)

The sure word which the Buddha speaks for the attainment of nibbāna.

Yaṁ buddho bhāsatī vācaṁ khemaṁ nibbānapattiyā. (Snp 454)

Illustration: khemaṁ, place of safety

In a time of peril, people migrate to places of safety

Bhaye kho pana sati manussā yena khemaṁ tena saṅkamanti. (AN iii 104)

➥ khemo: (main article see: khema)

Illustration: khemo, safety

Two trains of thought often occur to the Perfect One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One: the thought of [others’] safety and the thought of physical seclusion.

Tathāgataṁ bhikkhave arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ dve vitakkā bahulaṁ samudācaranti khemo ca vitakko paviveko ca. (Iti 31)

Comment:

Parenthesising ‘others’ is justified by the two sentences that follow:

• The Perfect One takes pleasure and delight in non-hostility. In doing so, this thought often occurs: ‘By this behaviour I harm no one at all, whether weak or strong.’

Avyāpajjhārāmo bhikkhave tathāgato avyāpajjharato. Tamenaṁ bhikkhave tathāgataṁ avyāpajjhārāmaṁ avyāpajjharataṁ esova vitakko bahulaṁ samudācarati: imāyāhaṁ irīyāya na kiñci vyābādhemi tasaṁ vā thāvaraṁ vā ti. (Iti 31)

For one who is imperturbable, for one who understands [the teaching], there is no accumulated merit or demerit. Abstaining from [karmically consequential] endeavours, he sees safety everywhere.

Anejassa vijānato natthi kāci nisaṅkhiti
Virato so viyārambhā khemaṁ passati sabbadhi. (Snp 953)

➥ kheme: (main article see: khema)

Illustration: kheme, safe

She goes somewhere safe, not dangerous

kheme appaṭibhaye gacchati. (Vin.4.296)

➥ khemā: (main article see: khema)

Illustration: khemā, safe

The River Ajakaraṇī is safe, pleasant, delightful.

Khemā ajakaraṇī sivā surammā ti. (Tha 310)

➥ khemino: (main article see: khema)

Illustration: khemino, safe [from the danger of bondage to individual existence]

May all creatures be happy and safe [from the danger of bondage to individual existence].

Sukhino va khemino hontu sabbe sattā. (Snp 145)