[dic] pāpaka (papaka)

pāpaka: Description welcome. Info can be removed after imput.

ATI Glossary

➥ — —

Buddhist Dictionary

by late Ven. Nyanalokita Thera:

➥ — —

PTS Dictionary

by the Pali Text Society:

Glossary Thanissaro

by Ven. Thanissaro Maha Thera:

➥ — —

Illustrated Glossary of Pāli Terms

by Ven. Varado Maha Thera:

➥ pāpaka and pāpa.

Renderings

for pāpa:
- demerit/accumulated demerit
- unvirtuousness
for pāpa / pāpaka:
for pāpakammina:
- evildoer
for pāpimant:
- the Maleficent One

Introduction

Pāpaka: -ka suffix

The -ka suffix of pāpaka is in accordance with Duroiselle’s observation: ‘Not seldom -ka adds nothing whatever to the primary meaning of a word ’ (PGPL, Para 581). DOP agrees (sv Ka2).

Pāpa and pāpaka: schedule of renderings

Our schedule of renderings is as follows:

1) Where pāpa is antonymous to puñña we call it ‘demerit’:

• He in this world who lives the religious life having spurned [the accumulating of] merit and demerit.

Yodha puññañca pāpañca bāhetvā brahmacariyavā. (SN i 182)

2) In the context of karmically consequential conduct, where pāpaka is antonymous to kalyāṇa we call it ‘demeritorious’:

• He is the inheritor of whatever karmically consequential conduct he undertakes whether meritorious or demeritorious.

Yaṁ kammaṁ karissati kalyāṇaṁ vā pāpakaṁ vā tassa dāyādo bhavissatī ti. (AN iii 185)

3) Where pāpaka is synonymous with akusala we call it ‘unvirtuous’:

• When contemplating an object that arouses unvirtuous, spiritually unwholesome thoughts (pāpakā akusalā vitakkā), a bhikkhu should ponder a meditation object connected with what is spiritually wholesome (aññaṁ nimittaṁ manasikātabbaṁ kusalūpasaṁhitaṁ). (MN i 119)

4) Where pāpaka is antonymous to bhaddaka and implies a bad inner nature we call it ‘odious.’

Whatever a bitter gourd seed absorbs leads to bitterness, acridity, and unpleasant taste. For what reason? The seed is odious (bījaṁ hi bhikkhave pāpakaṁ) (AN v 212).
Whatever a sugar-cane seed absorbs leads to sweetness, pleasantness and delicious flavour. For what reason? The seed is excellent (bījaṁ hi bhikkhave bhaddakaṁ) (AN v 213).

5) In relation to diṭṭhi, where pāpika is antonymous to bhaddakaṁ we call it ‘odious’:

• his view [of reality] is odious

diṭṭhi hi bhikkhave pāpikā

• his perception [of reality] is excellent

diṭṭhi hi bhikkhave bhaddikā. (AN v 212)

6) Where pāpaka means unpleasant we call it ‘wretched.’

• what use to you is this wretched and difficult life?

kiṁ tuyhaminā pāpakena dujjīvitena. (Vin.3.73)

7) In reference to friends we call it ‘unvirtuous.’

• King Ajātasattu of Magadha has unvirtuous friends (ajātasattu vedehiputto pāpamitto). King Pasenadi of Kosala has virtuous friends (pasenadi kosalo kalyāṇamitto). (SN i 83)

8) When it implies unvirtuous behaviour we call it ‘unvirtuous.’

• free of unvirtuous conduct

pāpakammaṁ akubbato. (Vin.2.203)

• What is unvirtuous? In this regard, some person kills

Katamo ca bhikkhave pāpo? Idha bhikkhave ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti. (AN ii 222)

9) Similarly, where pāpaka is antonymous to kalyāṇa and implies bad practices, we call it ‘unvirtuous.’

• unvirtuous, of an unvirtuous moral nature

dussīlā pāpadhammā. (MN iii 255-6)

• virtuous and of a virtuous moral nature.

sīlavantehi kalyāṇadhammehī ti. (SN v 397)

10) When it describes someone who is unvirtuous we call it ‘unvirtuous.’ Thus an unvirtuous bhikkhu is unvirtuous (pāpabhikkhu dussīlo AN ii 239).

11) As a word of condemnation, we call it ‘odious.’

• excessive greed is odious

atilobho hi pāpako. (Vin.4.259)

12) Māra’s epithet is pāpimant, ‘the Maleficent One.’