➥ vera:

• for vera:
  • unfriendliness
• for verā:
  • unfriendly deeds
  • deeds that beget unfriendliness

➥ averā: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: averā, free of unfriendliness; averino, uncordiality

May we abide free of unfriendliness, violence, enmity, hostility, and uncordiality

averā adaṇḍā asapattā avyāpajjhā viharemu averino ti. (DN ii 276)

➥ verāni: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: verāni, unfriendly deeds (plural); verena, unfriendliness

Unfriendly deeds do not in any way cease in this world through unfriendliness. They cease through friendliness. This is a timeless truth.

Na hi verena verāni sammantīdha kudācanaṁ
Averena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano. (MN iii 154)

Comment:

The singular/plural switch has proven problematic.

• Horner says ‘wrathful moods’: ‘not by wrath are wrathful moods allayed’
• Bodhi misplaces the plural: ‘Hatred is never allayed by further acts of hate.’

Illustration: verāni, unfriendly deeds (plural); veraṁ, unfriendliness

[Fault-finding devas:]

‘If one does not grant pardon to those who confess their transgressions, being inwardly angry, intent on hatred, one strongly harbours unfriendliness.’

Accayaṁ desayantīnaṁ yo ce na paṭigaṇhati
Kopantaro dosagaru sa veraṁ paṭimuccati.

[The Buddha:]

‘If there was no transgression, if here there was no going astray, and if one’s unfriendly deeds were stopped, through this one would be excellent in this world.’

Accayo ce na vijjetha no cidhāpagataṁ siyā
Verāni ca sammeyyuṁ tenīdha kusalo siyā. (SN i 24)

➥ verānaṁ: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: verānaṁ, unfriendly deeds

For two good reasons the Perfect One establishes training rules for his disciples.

Dveme bhikkhave atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ. Katame dve?

• To restrain unfriendly deeds (i.e. the bhikkhu’s own deeds) in this lifetime,

diṭṭhadhammikānaṁ verānaṁ saṁvarāya

• and to ward off unfriendly deeds (i.e. acts of retribution?) in the hereafter.

samparāyikānaṁ verānaṁ paṭighātāya. (AN i 98)

➥ verā: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: verā, unfriendly deed (plural); veraṁ, unfriendliness

[Prince Dīghāvu, to Brahmādatta, the King of Kāsi, who executed Dīghāvu’s father:]

‘Concerning that, Your Majesty, which my father said to me at the time of his death:

• “not far” means: Do not sustain unfriendliness long.

mā dīghan ti mā ciraṁ veraṁ akāsī ti

• “not close” means: Do not hastily break with a friend.

mā rassan ti mā khippaṁ mittehi bhijjitthā ti

• “Unfriendly deeds are not stopped by unfriendliness. Unfriendly deeds, dear Dīghāvu, are stopped by friendliness” means:

na hi tāta Dīghāvu verena verā sammanti. Averena hi tāta dīghāvu verā sammantī ti

‘My parents were killed by a king. But if I were to deprive the king of life those who desired the king's well-being would deprive me of life and those who desired my well-being would deprive these of life. Thus that unfriendly deed would not be settled by unfriendliness.

devena me mātāpitaro hatā ti sacāhaṁ devaṁ jīvitāvoropeyyaṁ ye devassa atthakāmā te maṁ jīvitā voropeyyuṁ. Ye me atthakāmā te te jīvitā voropeyyuṁ. Evaṁ taṁ veraṁ verena na vūpasameyya

‘But now that life is granted me by a king, and life is granted a king by me, thus is that unfriendly deed settled by friendliness.’

idāni ca pana me devena jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ. Mayā ca devassa jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ. Evaṁ taṁ veraṁ averena vūpasantaṁ. (Vin.1.348)

Illustration: averā, unfriendliness

May these creatures sustain themselves happily, and be rid of unfriendliness, hostility, and spiritual defilement.

ime sattā averā avyāpajjhā anīghā sukhi attānaṁ pariharantū ti. (MN i 288)

Illustration: verā, unfriendliness

He who wants his own happiness through causing others suffering, in embroiling himself in unfriendliness, from unfriendliness he will not be released.

Paradukkhūpadhānena attano sukhamicchati
Verasaṁsaggasaṁsaṭṭho verā so na parimuccati. (Dhp 291)

➥ veraṁ: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: veraṁ, unfriendliness

Then Prince Dīghāvu, having stroked the head of Brahmadatta, the King of Kasi, with his left hand, having drawn his sword with his right hand, spoke thus to Brahmadatta, the King of Kasi:

• I, Your Majesty, am Prince Dīghāvu, that son of Dīghāvu, the King of Kosala. You have done us much mischief. Our troops, vehicles, territory, storehouses and granaries were stolen by you, and my parents were killed by you. This could be a time when I could show my unfriendliness

ayaṅkhavassa kālo yvāhaṁ veraṁ appeyyan ti. (Vin.1.347)

➥ averaṁ: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: averaṁ, freedom from unfriendliness

A noble disciple abandons and refrains from killing. In doing so, to limitless beings he gives freedom from fear, unfriendliness, and hostility.

Idha bhikkhave ariyasāvako pāṇātipātaṁ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti. Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato bhikkhave ariyasāvako aparimāṇānaṁ sattānaṁ abhayaṁ deti. Averaṁ deti. Avyāpajjhaṁ deti.

Having done so, he partakes of limitless freedom from fear, unfriendliness, and hostility.

Aparimāṇānaṁ sattānaṁ abhayaṁ datvā averaṁ datvā avyāpajjhaṁ datvā aparimāṇassa abhayassa averassa avyāpajjhassa bhāgī hoti. (AN iv 246)

➥ averena: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: averena, free of unfriendliness

We shall abide pervading the whole world [of beings] with a mind of [unlimited] goodwill, vast, exalted, unlimited, free of unfriendliness and hostility.

Tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena avyāpajjhena pharitvā viharissāmāti. (MN i 126)

➥ veraṁ: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: veraṁ, unfriendliness

One whose mind all day and night takes delight in harmlessness, has [unlimited] goodwill for all beings and unfriendliness with none.

Yassa sabbamahorattaṁ ahiṁsāya rato mano
Mettaṁ so sabbabhūtesu veraṁ tassa na kenacī ti. (SN i 208)

Illustration: veraṁ, unfriendliness

Victory begets unfriendliness.

Jayaṁ veraṁ pasavati. (SN i 83)

Illustration: veraṁ, unfriendliness

The killer, in killing, begets danger and unfriendliness in this lifetime.

Yaṁ gahapati pāṇātipātī pāṇātipātapaccayā diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṁ veraṁ pasavati. (SN ii 68)

➥ verāni: (main article see: vera)

Illustration: verāni, deeds that beget unfriendliness

Having not abandoned five deeds that beget danger and unfriendliness one is called unvirtuous, and is reborn in hell. Which five? Killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and drinking.

Pañca gahapati bhayāni verāni appahāya dussīlo iti vuccati. Nirayañca upapajjati. Katamāni pañca: pāṇātipātaṁ adinnādānaṁ kāmesu micchācāraṁ musāvādaṁ surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṁ. (AN iii 204)

Illustration: vera, deeds that beget unfriendliness

One for whom attachment, hatred, and uninsightfulness into reality are discarded, they call him spiritually developed, a perfect one become supreme, enlightened, one who has left behind deeds that beget danger and unfriendliness, one who has abandoned the whole [phenomenon of attachment].

Yassa rāgo ca doso ca avijjā ca virājitā taṁ bhāvitattaññataraṁ brahmabhūtaṁ tathāgataṁ
Buddhaṁ verabhayātītaṁ āhu sabbappahāyinan ti. (Iti 56)