➥ yoga:

• for yoga:
  • bondage [to individual existence]
  • tie (=//saṁyojana// metri causa)
  • yoke
• for yogā:
  • states of bondage [to individual existence]

Yoga: state of bondage [to individual existence]

The fourth state of bondage [to individual existence] is uninsightfulness into reality (avijjāyogo). The first three states of bondage [to individual existence] (yogā) arise from attachment to:

1) Sensuous pleasure

2) Individual existence

3) Views

Therefore the four states of bondage [to individual existence] can be rendered as:

1) The bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] sensuous pleasure (kāmayogo).

2) The bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] states of individual existence (bhavayogo).

3) The bondage [to individual existence] that arises from dogmatism (diṭṭhiyogo).

4) The bondage [to individual existence] that arises from uninsightfulness into reality (avijjāyogo, DN iii 230).

Where yoga stands for saṁyojana: tie

For metrical purposes, yoga sometimes stands for saṁyojana, ‘tie’. Consider these examples:

1) They who are tethered [to individual existence] by the tie of craving (taṇhāyogena),

Taṇhāyogena saṁyuttā. (Iti 50)

Here in verse, yoga stands for saṁyojana, which can be proved because in the following prose quote taṇhāsaṁyojana replaces taṇhāyogena:

• Tethered [to individual existence] by the tie of craving (taṇhāsaṁyojanena), beings roam and wander the round of birth and death for a long time.

Taṇhāsaṁyojanena hi bhikkhave saṁyuttā sattā dīgharattaṁ sandhāvanti saṁsarantī ti. (Iti 8)

2) In this next quote, again verse, saṁyojana is shown to equal yogāni, and therefore pāpimayogāni means pāpimasaṁyojanāni:

• Like the elephant that bursts all its fastenings and chains, they severed the ties and bonds (saṁyojana) [to individual existence] in the sensuous plane of existence, those ties of the Maleficent One (pāpimayogāni) so hard to overcome.

Te kāmasaṁyojanabandhanāni pāpimayogāni duraccayāni
Nāgoca sandānaguṇāni chetvā. (DN ii 274)

The presence of plural yogāni supports our assertion here, because according to our schedule of renderings yoga is usually uncountable ‘bondage’, whereas saṁyojana is countable ‘tie.’

Rarely: yoke

Yoga occasionally means yoke:

• Beings who perceive [only] what can be expressed… come under the yoke of death;

Akkheyyasaññino sattā… yogamāyanti maccuno. (Iti 53)

➥ yogena: (main article see: yoga)

Illustration: yogena, tie=saṁyojana metri causa

Beings who are tethered [to individual existence] by the tie of craving, whose minds are attached to various states of individual existence, are tethered [to individual existence] by Māra’s tie. They have not reached safety from [the danger of] bondage [to individual existence].

Taṇhāyogena saṁyuttā rattacittā bhavābhave
Te yogayuttā mārassa ayogakkhemino janā. (Iti 50)

Illustration: yogena, bondage [to individual existence]

Those who have overcome sensuous yearnings but have not accomplished the destruction of perceptually obscuring states, tethered [to individual existence] by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] states of individual existence, are called non-returners.

Ye ca kāme pahantvāna appattā āsavakkhayaṁ bhavayogena saṁyuttā anāgāmī ti vuccare. (Iti 96)

Illustration: yogena, bondage [to individual existence]

Tethered [to individual existence] by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] both sensuous pleasure and individual existence, tethered [to individual existence] by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from dogmatism, led on by uninsightfulness into reality, [such] beings follow the round of birth and death, and go to rebirth and death.

Kāmayogena saṁyuttā bhavayogena cūbhayaṁ
Diṭṭhiyogena saṁyuttā avijjāya purakkhatā
Sattā gacchanti saṁsāraṁ jātimaraṇagāmino. (AN ii 12)

Illustration: yoga, bondage [to individual existence]

Tethered [to individual existence] by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] both sensuous pleasure and individual existence, he is a returner, returning to this [low] plane of existence.

Kāmayogayutto bhikkhave bhavayogayutto āgāmī hoti āgantā itthattaṁ

Not tethered [to individual existence] by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] sensuous pleasure, but by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] states of individual existence, he is a non-returner, not returning to this [low] plane of existence.

Kāmayogavisaṁyutto bhikkhave bhavayogayutto anāgāmī hoti anāgantā itthattaṁ

Not tethered [to individual existence] by the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] either sensuous pleasure or individual existence, he is an arahant with perceptually obscuring states destroyed.

Kāmayogavisaṁyutto bhikkhave bhavayogavisaṁyutto arahaṁ hoti khīṇāsavo ti. (Iti 95)

➥ yogo: (main article see: yoga)

Illustration: yogo, bondage [to individual existence]

What is the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] sensuous pleasure?

Katamo ca bhikkhave kāmayogo?

In this regard, some person does not discern according to reality the origination of, vanishing of, sweetness of, wretchedness of, and deliverance from sensuous pleasure,

Tassa kāmānaṁ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṁ appajānato

And so in relation to sensuous pleasures, whatever the

yo kāmesu

• attachment to sensuous pleasure

kāmarāgo

• spiritually fettering delight in sensuous pleasure

kāmanandi

• love of sensuous pleasure

kāmasineho

• infatuation with sensuous pleasure

kāmamucchā

• sensuous thirst

kāmapipāsā

• sensuous passion

kāmapariḷāho

• clinging to sensuous pleasure

kāmajjhosānaṁ

• craving for sensuous pleasure that lurk within him:

kāmataṇhā sānuseti

this is called the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] sensuous pleasure

Ayaṁ vuccati bhikkhave kāmayogo. (AN ii 10)

Illustration: yogo, bondage [to individual existence]

What is the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] states of individual existence?

Bhavayogo ca kathaṁ hoti?

In this regard, some person does not discern according to reality the origination of, vanishing of, sweetness of, wretchedness of, and deliverance from states of individual existence

bhavānaṁ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.

And so in relation to states of individual existence, whatever the

• attachment to individual existence

bhavarāgo

• spiritually fettering delight in individual existence

bhavanandi

• love of individual existence

bhavasineho

• infatuation with individual existence

bhavamucchā

• thirst for individual existence

bhavapipāsā

• passion for individual existence

bhavapariḷāho

• clinging to individual existence

bhavajjhosānaṁ

• craving for individual existence that lurk within him:

bhavataṇhā sānuseti

this is called the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from [attachment to] states of individual existence.

Ayaṁ vuccati bhikkhave bhavayogo. (AN ii 10)

Illustration: yogo, bondage [to individual existence]

What is the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from dogmatism?

Diṭṭhiyogo ca kathaṁ hoti?

In this regard, some person does not discern according to reality the origination of, vanishing of, sweetness of, wretchedness of, and deliverance from views.

Tassa diṭṭhīnaṁ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṁ appajānato

And so in relation to views, whatever the

yo diṭṭhisu

• attachment to views

diṭṭhirāgo

• spiritually fettering delight in views

diṭṭhinandi

• love of views

diṭṭhisineho

• infatuation with views

diṭṭhimucchā

• thirst for views

diṭṭhipipāsā

• passion for views

diṭṭhipariḷāho

• clinging to views

diṭṭhiajjhosānaṁ

• craving for views that lurk within him:

diṭṭhitaṇhā sānuseti

this is called the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from dogmatism

diṭṭhiyogo. (AN ii 11)

Illustration: yogo, bondage [to individual existence]

What is the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from uninsightfulness into reality?

Avijjāyogo ca kathaṁ hoti?

In this regard, some person does not discern according to reality the origination of, vanishing of, sweetness of, wretchedness of, and deliverance from the six senses.

Idha bhikkhave ekacco channaṁ phassāyatanānaṁ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṁ nappajānāti.

For him who does not discern according to reality the origination of, vanishing of, sweetness of, wretchedness of, and deliverance from the six senses

Tassa channaṁ phassāyatanānaṁ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṁ appajānato

the uninsightfulness and ignorance regarding the six senses that lurk within him: this is called the bondage [to individual existence] that arises from uninsightfulness into reality.

yā chasu phassāyatanesu avijjā aññāṇaṁ sānuseti ayaṁ vuccati bhikkhave avijjāyogo. (Iti kāmayogo bhavayogo diṭṭhiyogo avijjāyogo. (AN ii 10)

➥ yogaṁ: (main article see: yoga)

Illustration: yogaṁ, bondage [to individual existence]

He who, having abandoned the bondage to renewed states of human existence, has transcended the bondage to renewed states of divine existence, he is emancipated from all bondage [to individual existence]. He is what I call a Brahman.

Hitvā mānusakaṁ yogaṁ dibbaṁ yogaṁ upaccagā
Sabbayogavisaṁyuttaṁ tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ. (Snp 644)