➥ tarati:

• for tarati:
  • to cross
  • to overcome
  • to transcend
  • to cross [to the Far Shore]
  • to overcome [doubts]
• taraṇāya: crossing
• tareyya: cross; transcend
• tare: overcome; cross
• tiṇṇo: crossed [to the Far Shore]
• tiṇṇa: crossed
• tareyyaṁ: cross
• atāri: transcend

Tarati: cross water or cross to the Far Shore

Tarati means either cross water, physically or metaphorically, or cross to the Far Shore. For example:

• there is a river to be crossed

nadi taritabbā hoti. (Vin.4.65)

• cows which were crossing the river Aciravati

aciravatiyā nadiyā gāvinaṁ tarantīnaṁ. (Vin.1.191)

• He would cross the flood [of suffering] like one, having bailed a boat, who reaches the far shore.

tare oghaṁ nāvaṁ sitvāva pāragū ti. (Snp 771)

• they cross to the Far Shore (+ accusative)

taranti pāraṁ. (SN i 169)

Tiṇṇa: overcome doubt

Tarati’s past participle tiṇṇa is sometimes used with words for doubt, where it means ‘overcome,’ not ‘crossed.’ For example:

• he abides having overcome doubt

tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati. (DN i 204)

• my doubts are overcome

tiṇṇā me'ttha kaṅkhā. (DN ii 276)

Tiṇṇa: overcome attachment

Tiṇṇo is also used in relation to attachment, where again it means ‘overcome,’ not ‘crossed’:

• He has overcome attachment to the world.

tiṇṇo loke visattikan ti. (MN i 160)

Tiṇṇa: overcome grief and lamentation

Tiṇṇo is also used in relation to grief and lamentation, where again it means ‘overcome,’ not ‘crossed’:

• overcome grief and lamentation

tiṇṇasokapariddave. (Dhp 195)

Tiṇṇa: transcend birth and death

Tiṇṇo is also used in relation to birth and death, where it means ‘transcend,’ not ‘crossed’:

He completely transcended birth and death

atāri jātimaraṇaṁ asesaṁ. (Snp 355)

Objectless tiṇṇa: crossed [to the Far Shore], or overcome [doubts]

Tiṇṇa sometimes occurs without an object. Where it is linked to pāragato, we treat it as a synonym of pāragato:

• Crossed [to the Far Shore], reached the Far Shore, the Brahman stands on Dry Land.

tiṇṇo pāragato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo. (SN iv 157)

• I have crossed [to the Far Shore], reached the Far Shore, having eliminated the flood [of suffering].

Tiṇṇo pāragato vineyya oghaṁ. (Snp 21)

In the Sabhiya Sutta it means overcome doubts:

• You have helped me overcome [my doubts]

atāresimaṁ. (Snp 539)

This parenthesis is confirmed in the next verse (vicikicchā maṁ tārayi, Snp 540) and by the commentary (Atāresi man ti kaṅkhāto maṁ tāresi).

Tarati: conclusion

Tarati therefore means:

• 1) ‘cross’ water, physically or metaphorically
• 2) ‘cross’ to the far shore
• 3) ‘overcome’ attachment and hardship

➥ taraṇāya: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: taraṇāya, crossing

I allow you having pre-arranged it, to embark in one boat together with a bhikkhunī if it is for the sake of crossing to the other bank.

Anujānāmi bhikkhave tiriyaṁ taraṇāya bhikkhuniyā saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhirūhituṁ. (Vin.4.65)

➥ tareyya: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: tareyya, cross

One could cross from the realm of death to the Far Shore

maccudheyyassa tareyya pāran ti. (SN i 4; SN i 29)

Illustration: tareyya, transcend

He should transcend this hell

tareyya narakaṁ imaṁ. (Snp 706)

➥ tare: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: tare, overcome

He would overcome attachment to the world [of phenomena].

tare loke visattikaṁ. (Snp 1053)

Illustration: tare, cross

Cross the flood [of suffering], Upasama, the realm of death so hard to get beyond.

Upasame tare oghaṁ maccudheyyaṁ suduttaraṁ. (Thi 10)

➥ tiṇṇo: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: tiṇṇo, crossed [to the Far Shore]

Having crossed [to the Far Shore], you help this generation across.

tiṇṇo tāresimaṁ pajaṁ. (Snp 571)

➥ tiṇṇa: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: tiṇṇa, crossed

He has crossed the flood [of suffering] never before crossed.

udatāri oghaṁ atiṇṇapubbaṁ. (Uda 75)

➥ tareyyaṁ: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: tareyyaṁ, cross

I might cross this [wretched] flood [of suffering]

oghamimaṁ tareyyaṁ. (Snp 1069)

➥ atāri: (main article see: tarati)

Illustration: atāri, transcend

He completely transcended birth and death

atāri jātimaraṇaṁ asesaṁ. (Snp 355)